In order to make your Android Maps appliation run, your need a Maps API Key. Here describe a simple steps to obtain a Maps API Key, Details refer to Google document, Obtaining a Maps API Key.
Get your MD5 Fingerprint of the SDK Debug Certificate:
in Eclipse, select Windows > Prefs > Android > Build to check the full path of your MD5 Fingerprint.
Open a Terminal, type the command:
$ keytool -list -alias androiddebugkey -keystore /home/eric/.android/debug.keystore -storepass android -keypass android
Where /home/eric/.android/debug.keystore is the Default Debug Keystore copied from Eclipse. Your MD5 fingerprint will be shown.
In order to obtain a Maps API Key, you need a Google account, log-in or register one.
Then, you Sign Up for the Android Maps API.
Accept the terms, paste the your MD5 fingerprint in the box, and generate your own API Key.
